LanguagesSubmitted by admin on Fri, 02/19/2010 - 22:35 |
Afrikaans
is a Low Franconian language mainly spoken in South Africa and
Namibia with smaller numbers of speakers in Botswana, Lesotho,
Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Zambia. Due to the emigration of many
Afrikaners, there are an additional estimated 300,000
Bambara,
also known as Bamanankan in the language itself, is a language spoken
in Mali by as many as six million people (including second language
users). The differences between Bambara and Dioula are minimal.
Dioula is a language spoken or understood, by fewer numbers of
people, in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Gambia. The Bambara
language is primarily spoken by members of the Bambara ethnic group,
numbering about 2,700,000 people, but serves also as an interethnic
language of Mali.
Min
Nan, Minnan, or Min-nan (Simplified Chinese: 闽南语;
Traditional Chinese: 閩南語;
pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ; POJ: Bân-lâm-gú;
"Southern Min" or "Southern Fujian" language) is
the Chinese language/dialect spoken in southern Fujian province,
China and neighboring areas, and by descendants of emigrants from
these areas in diaspora. Hokkien, Taiwanese, and Teochew are all
common names for several prominent variants of Min Nan.
Catalan
IPA: [ˌkʰætəlˈæn] (català IPA: [kə.tə'la] or
[ka.ta'la]) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra
and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic
Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. Spain has
the majority of active Catalan speakers. It is spoken or understood
by as many as 12 million people who live not only in Andorra and
Spain, but also in parts of southwestern France (most of Pyrénées
Orientales) and in the city of Alghero in Sardinia, Italy.
Chuvash
(pronounced /ˈʧu.vaʃ/) (Чăвашла, also known as Chuwash,
Chovash, Chavash or Çuaş) is a Turkic language spoken to the
west of the Ural Mountains in central Russia. Chuvash is the native
language of the Chuvash people and an official language of Chuvashia.
It is spoken by about two million people.
Ossetic
or Ossetian (in Ossetic: Ирон ӕвзаг, Iron ævzag or
Иронау, Ironau) is a language spoken in Ossetia, a region on
the slopes of the Caucasus mountains on the borders of Russia and
Georgia.
The
Kurdish language is an Iranian language spoken in the region called
Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq,
Syria and Turkey.[1] Kurdish is an official language in Iraq while it
is banned in Syria where it is forbidden to publish material in
Kurdish.[2] Before August 2002, the Turkish government placed severe
restrictions on the use of Kurdish, prohibiting the language in
education and broadcast media.[3] The Kurdish alphabet is still not
recognized in Turkey, and use of the Kurdish letters X, W, Q which do
not exist in the Turkish alphabet has led to judicial persecution in
2000 and 2003 [4] [5]. In Iran, though it is used in the local media
and newspapers, it is not allowed to be taught in schools [6] [7]. As
a result many Iranian Kurds have left for Iraq where they can study
in their native language.[8]
Ladino
is a Romance language, derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish)
and Hebrew. The relationship of Ladino to Castilian Spanish is
comparable to that of Yiddish to German. Speakers are currently
almost exclusively Sephardic Jews, for example, in (or from)
Thessaloniki and Istanbul. …Israel, Turkey, Brazil, France, Greece,
Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Mexico, Curaçao
Limburgish,
or Limburgian or Limburgic (Dutch: Limburgs, German: Limburgisch,
French: Limbourgeois) is a group of Franconian varieties, spoken in
the Limburg and Rhineland regions, near the common Dutch / Belgian /
German border. The area in which it is spoken roughly fits within a
wide circle from Venlo to Düsseldorf to Aachen to Maastricht to
Hasselt and back to Venlo. Limburgish is recognised as a regional
language (Dutch: streektaal) in the Netherlands and as such it
receives moderate protection under chapter 2 of the European Charter
for Regional or Minority Languages.
The
Malay language, also known locally as Bahasa Melayu or Bahasa
Malaysia, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people who
reside in the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand, the Philippines,
Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau islands, and parts of
the coast of Borneo. It is an official language of Malaysia, Brunei
and Singapore. It is very similar to Indonesian, known locally as
Bahasa Indonesia, the official language of Indonesia. The official
standard for Malay, as agreed upon by Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei,
is the form spoken in the Riau Islands just south of Singapore, long
considered the birthplace of the Malay language.
Nahuatl
(['na.watɬ] [1] is a term applied to a group of related languages
and dialects of the Aztecan [2] branch of the Uto-Aztecan language
family, indigenous to central Mexico. It is spoken by more than 1.5
million people in Mexico, and under the "Law of Linguistic
Rights" Nahuatl is recognized as a "national language"
along with 62 other indigenous languages and Spanish which have the
same "validity" in Mexico [1]. Nahuatl is mostly known
outside of Mexico because the Aztecs spoke Nahuatl: a variant now
known as Classical Nahuatl.
Quechua
(Runa Simi; Kichwa in Ecuador) is a Native American language of South
America. It was the language of the Inca Empire, and is today spoken
in various dialects by some 10 million people throughout South
America, including Peru and Bolivia, southern Colombia and Ecuador,
north-western Argentina and northern Chile. It is the most widely
spoken of all American Indian languages.
Sardinian
(Sardu, Saldu) is the main language spoken in the island of Sardinia,
Italy, remarkable for being the most conservative of the Romance
languages and for its Paleosardinian substratum.
Albanian
(gjuha shqipe IPA /ˈɟuˌha ˈʃciˌpɛ/) is a language spoken by
about 6 million people, primarily in Albania, Serbia including
Kosovo, Montenegro, and the Republic of Macedonia but also in other
parts of the Balkans, along the eastern coast of Italy and in Sicily,
as well as by a significant diaspora in Scandinavia, Germany, the
United Kingdom, Egypt, Australia, Turkey, and the United States. The
language forms its own distinct branch of the Indo-European language
family.
The
Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Štokavian
dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs everywhere. The former standard is
known as Serbo-Croatian language, now split into Serbian, Croatian
and Bosnian standards.
Serbo-Croatian
or Croato-Serbian (also Croatian or Serbian, Serbian or Croatian)
(srpskohrvatski or cрпскохрватски or hrvatskosrpski or
hrvatski ili srpski or srpski ili hrvatski), earlier also
Serbo-Croat, was an official language of Yugoslavia (along with
Slovenian, Macedonian). It was mentioned for the first time by
Slovene philologist Jernej Kopitar in a letter from 1836, although it
cannot be ruled out that he had become acquainted with the term by
reading the Slovak philologist Pavol Jozef Šafárik's
manuscript "Slovanské starožitnosti" ( printed
1837.) Officially, the term was used from 1921 - ca.1993 as an
umbrella term (Dachsprache) for dialects spoken by Serbs and Croats,
as well as Bosniaks and Montenegrins upon their national recognition.
In its standardized form, it was based on Štokavian dialect and
defined Ekavian and Iyekavian variants called "pronunciations"
(unofficially, there were "Eastern" (based on Serbian
idiom) and "Western" (based on Croatian idiom) variants. By
extension, it also declared Kajkavian and Chakavian as its dialects
(while Torlakian dialect was never recognized in official
linguistics), but they were never in official use. Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
Croatia,
Serbia,
Montenegro
(under different names)
Tamil
(தமிழ் tamiḻ)
is a classical language and one of the major languages of the
Dravidian language family. It is also the Dravidian language with the
oldest extant literature. Spoken predominantly by Tamils in India,
Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Singapore, it has smaller communities of
speakers in many other countries. As of 1996, it was the eighteenth
most spoken language, with over 74 million speakers worldwide. It is
one of the official languages of India, Singapore, Malaysia and Sri
Lanka.
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